Traditionally base layer clothing has been cotton or wool blends that simply protected the outer layer from moisture and oils, and were easily washable. Over the years a number of synthetic fabrics such as polypropylene and polyester have been promoted as having superior properties such as wicking, moisture management and rapid drying. While these fabrics were superior to cotton, they have been replaced by engineered fabrics specifically designed for optimum performance. The base layer revolution is under way. But with all the hype and  misinformation it's difficult for a consumer to actually understand what they are buying.

Wicking

Simply put, wicking is the ability for a fabric to transport moisture. The objective for base layer garments is to wick or transport moisture away from your skin to the outer layer for evaporation. Wicking is tested by hanging a strip of fabric with the bottom end in a test liquid. The distance the liquid travel up the fabric, and how quickly it does it, is a measure of the fabric's wicking ability.

Wicking is achieved in many technical fabrics by applying a chemical treatment to standard fibers. These coatings provide good initial performance, but the coatings, and performance, wear off over time. A more durable way to achieve superior wicking is by optimizing the shape of the fibers in the fabric.

Drying

Drying is another important measure of fabric performance. It is a measure of how quickly moisture can evaporate from the fabric. Base layer garments get damp when worn under outer layers like leather. When you remove the outer layer fast drying time is simply a matter of comfort - the faster moisture can evaporate, the sooner you are cool and comfortable.

Moisture Management

Moisture management is a combination of superior wicking and drying properties. Wearing garments that transport moisture and evaporate it quickly actually enhance your body's ability to cool itself. When your body can cool itself more effectively you actually perspire less as a result. With reduced perspiration your body requires less rehydration, and maintains maximum performance for an extended period of time. Top athletes, emergency personnel and even the military have realized that proper moisture management optimizes physical performance and endurance.

Anti-Bacterial

Anti-bacterial qualities in a base layer garment simply mean less odour. Fabric may be given short-term anti-bacterial properties by applying a chemical treatment. A long term solution is to incorporate an anti-bacterial agent into the fibers themselves. The anti-bacterial properties of silver has been known for centuries. A garment with fibers incorporating anti-bacterial silver is very different from a garment sprayed with chemicals.